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Yamashita Yoshiaki
Yamashita Yoshitsugu (山下 義韶, 16 February 1865 – 26 October 1935, also known as Yamashita Yoshiaki), was the first person to have been awarded 10th degree red belt (''jūdan'') rank in Kodokan judo. He was also a pioneer of judo in the United States.
==Early years==
Yamashita was born in Kanazawa, then the capital of the powerful Kaga Domain. His father was of the samurai class.〔Tomita, Tsuneo. "Histoire du Judo," ''Revue Judo Kodokan'', November 1962, v. 12:5.〕 As a boy, Yamashita trained in the traditional (''koryū'') Japanese martial arts schools of Yōshin-ryū and Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū jujutsu.〔(Sol, Kim. "Part 8: Kodokan Becomes an Organization." )〕 In August 1884, he joined the Kodokan judo dojo of Kano Jigoro (嘉納 治五郎 ''Kanō Jigorō'', 1860–1938), as its nineteenth member. He advanced to first degree black belt (''shodan'') rank in three months, fourth degree (''yondan'') ranking in two years, and sixth degree (''rokudan'') in fourteen years.〔Tomita, Tsuneo. "Histoire du Judo," ''Revue Judo Kodokan,'' November 1962, v. 12:5.〕 He was a member of the Kodokan team that competed with Tokyo Metropolitan Police jujutsu teams during the mid-1880s,〔Abel, Laszlo. "The Meiji Period Police Bujutsu Competitions: Judo versus Jujutsu," ''JMAS Newsletter'', December 1984, v. 2:3, pp. 10–14.〕〔Muromoto, Wayne. "Judo's Decisive Battle: Great Tournament between Kodokan Judo's Four Heavenly Lords and the Jujutsu Masters." ''Furyu'', v. 3.()〕 and during the 1890s, his jobs included teaching judo at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and Tokyo Imperial University (modern University of Tokyo).〔
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